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Journal of Fluids Engineering | Volume 128 | Issue 2 | TECHNICAL PAPERS
TECHNICAL PAPERS

Performance and Internal Flow Characteristics of a Very Low Specific Speed Centrifugal Pump

[+] Author and Article Information
Young-Do Choi1

Department of Systems Design, Division of Systems Research, Faculty of Engineering, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501 Japanydchoi@mach.me.ynu.ac.jp

Junichi Kurokawa, Jun Matsui

Department of Systems Design, Division of Systems Research, Faculty of Engineering, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501 Japan

1

Corresponding author.

J. Fluids Eng 128(2), 341-349 (Sep 05, 2005) (9 pages) doi:10.1115/1.2169815 History: Received May 16, 2004; Revised September 05, 2005
Article
References
Figures
Tables
Citing Articles

In very low specific speed range (ns<0.25), the efficiency of the centrifugal pump designed by the conventional method becomes remarkably low. Therefore, positive-displacement pumps have been widely used for long. However, the positive-displacement pumps remain associated with problems such as noise and vibration and they require high manufacturing precision. Since the recently used centrifugal pumps are becoming higher in rotational speed and smaller in size, there appear to be many expectations to develop a new centrifugal pump with high performance in the very low specific speed range. The purpose of this study is to investigate the internal flow characteristics and its influence on the performance of a very low specific speed centrifugal pump. The results show that large reverse flow at the semi-open impeller outlet decreases absolute tangential velocity considerably which in turn decreases the pumping head.
Copyright © 2006 by American Society of Mechanical Engineers
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References

1
Stepanoff, A. J., 1957, "Centrifugal and Axial Flow Pumps", 2nd ed., Wiley, New York, pp. 69–89.
2
Rodgers, C., 1990, “Experiments With a Low-Specific-Speed Partial Emission Centrifugal Compressor,” ASME J. Turbomach., 112 , pp. 30–37.
3
Abramian, M., and Howard, J. H. G., 1994, “Experimental Investigation of the Steady and Unsteady Relative Flow in a Model Centrifugal Impeller Passage,” ASME J. Turbomach., 116 , pp. 269–279.
4
Worster, R. C., 1963, “The Flow in Volutes and Its Effects on Centrifugal Pump Performance,” Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng., 177 (31), pp. 843–871.
5
Kurokawa, J., Matsumoto, K., Matsui, J., and Kitahora, T., 1998, “Performances of Centrifugal Pumps of Very Low Specific Speed,” in "Proceedings of the 19th IAHR Symposium on Hydraulic Machinery and Cavitation", Singapore, 2, pp. 833–842.
6
Kurokawa, J., Matsumoto, K., Matsui, J., and Imamura, H., 2000, “Performance Improvement and Peculiar Behavior of Disk Friction and Leakage in Very Low Specific-Speed Pumps,” "Proceedings of the 20th IAHR Symposium on Hydraulic Machinery and Systems", Charlotte, USA, CD-ROM Paper No.3B(PD-02).
7
Ohta, H., and Aoki, K., 1990, “Study on Centrifugal Pump for High-Viscosity Liquids (Effect of Impeller Blade Number on the Pump Performance),” Trans. Jpn. Soc. Mech. Eng., Ser. B, 56 (644), pp. 1702–1707.
8
Minemura, K., Kinoshita, K., Ihara, M., and Egashira, K., 1995, “Effects of Design Parameters on Air-Water Two-Phase Flow Performance of a Radial-Flow Pump,” Trans. Jpn. Soc. Mech. Eng., Ser. B, 61 (588), pp. 2996–3004.
9
Choi, Y-D., Kurokawa, J., Matsui, J., and Imamura, H., 2002, “Internal flow characteristics of a centrifugal pump with very low specific speed,” in "Proceedings of the 21st IAHR Symposium on Hydraulic Machinery and Systems", Lausanne, Switzerland, 1, pp. 317–323.
10
Choi, Y-D., Kurokawa, J., Matsui, J., and Imamura, H., 2002, “An Experimental Study on the Internal Flow Characteristics of a Very Low Specific-Speed Centrifugal Pump,” "Proceedings of the 5th JSME-KSME Fluids Engineering Conference", Nagoya, Japan, CD-ROM Paper No. OS16-3-6.
11
Choi, Y-D., Nishino, K., Kurokawa, J., and Matsui, J., 2004, “PIV Measurement of Internal Flow Characteristics of Very Low Specific Speed Semi-open Impeller,” Exp. Fluids  [CrossRef], 37 , pp. 617–630.
12
Raffel, M., Willert, C., and Kompenhans, J., 1998, "Particle Image Velocimetry—A Practical Guide", Springer-Verlag, New York, pp. 105–146.
13
Nishino, K., and Torii, K., 1993, “A Fluid-Dynamically Optimum Particle Tracking Method for 2-D PTV: Triple Pattern Matching Algorithm,” in "Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium on Transport Phenomena in Thermal Engineering (ISTP-VI)", Seoul, Korea, pp. 1411–1416.
14
Abernethy, R. B., Benedict, R. P., and Dowdell, R. B., 1985, “ASME Measurement Uncertainty,” ASME J. Fluids Eng., 107 , pp. 161–164.
15
Kurokawa, J., and Amasaka, Y., 1983, “A Study on the Internal Flow of Spiral Casing - Part 2: Experimental Determinations of Flow Characteristics in Volutes,” Trans. Jpn. Soc. Mech. Eng., Ser. B, 49 (448), pp. 2735–2745.
16
Wiesner, F. J., 1967, “A Review of Slip Factors for Centrifugal Impellers,” ASME J. Eng. Power, 89 , pp. 558–572.
17
Murakami, M., Kikuyama, K., and Asakura, E., 1980, “Velocity and Pressure Distributions in the Impeller Passages of Centrifugal Pumps,” ASME J. Fluids Eng., 102 , pp. 420–426.
18
Miyamoto, H., and Ohba, H., 1995, “The Effect of Flow Rate on Characteristics in Centrifugal Impellers,” JSME Int. J., Ser. B, 38 (1), pp. 25–30.

Figures

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+Schematic view of test pump 1 and tip clearance c
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Schematic view of test pump 1 and tip clearance c
Figure 1

Schematic view of test pump 1 and tip clearance c

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+Test pump 2 and PIV measurement system
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Test pump 2 and PIV measurement system
Figure 2

Test pump 2 and PIV measurement system

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+Test impellers for test pump 1
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Test impellers for test pump 1
Figure 3

Test impellers for test pump 1

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+Test impellers for test pump 2
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Test impellers for test pump 2
Figure 4

Test impellers for test pump 2

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+Performance curves of test pump 1 with change of tip clearance ratio (uncertainty of ϕ=±1.39%, of ψ=±1.0%, of ν=±1.49%, of η=±2.29%, of nsl=±1.15%)
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Performance curves of test pump 1 with change of tip clearance ratio (uncertainty of ϕ=±1.39%, of ψ=±1.0%, of ν=±1.49%, of η=±2.29%, of nsl=±1.15%)
Figure 5

Performance curves of test pump 1 with change of tip clearance ratio (uncertainty of ϕ=±1.39%, of ψ=±1.0%, of ν=±1.49%, of η=±2.29%, of nsl=±1.15%)

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+Effect of tip clearance ratio on efficiency (uncertainty of ηmax=±2.29%, of ηD.P.=±2.29%)
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Effect of tip clearance ratio on efficiency (uncertainty of ηmax=±2.29%, of ηD.P.=±2.29%)
Figure 6

Effect of tip clearance ratio on efficiency (uncertainty of ηmax=±2.29%, of ηD.P.=±2.29%)

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+Performance curves of test pump 2 (impellers D(β2=90deg) and E(β2=30deg)) (uncertainty of ϕ=±1.41%, of ψ=±2.16%, of ν=±1.5%, of η=±3.18%, of nsl=±2.21%)
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Performance curves of test pump 2 (impellers D(β2=90deg) and E(β2=30deg)) (uncertainty of ϕ=±1.41%, of ψ=±2.16%, of ν=±1.5%, of η=±3.18%, of nsl=±2.21%)
Figure 7

Performance curves of test pump 2 (impellers D(β2=90deg) and E(β2=30deg)) (uncertainty of ϕ=±1.41%, of ψ=±2.16%, of ν=±1.5%, of η=±3.18%, of nsl=±2.21%)

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+Absolute tangential velocity at impeller outlet (uncertainty of υθ∕rω=±2.35%)
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Absolute tangential velocity at impeller outlet (uncertainty of υθ∕rω=±2.35%)
Figure 8

Absolute tangential velocity at impeller outlet (uncertainty of υθ∕rω=±2.35%)

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+Change of slip factor by tip clearance ratio (Q∕Qd=1.0) (uncertainty of k=±2.35%)
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Change of slip factor by tip clearance ratio (Q∕Qd=1.0) (uncertainty of k=±2.35%)
Figure 9

Change of slip factor by tip clearance ratio (Q∕Qd=1.0) (uncertainty of k=±2.35%)

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+Phase averaged velocity vectors of test pump 2 (uncertainty of vθ∕u2=±3.75%, of vr∕u2=±3.75%). (a) Impeller D (Q∕Q0=1.0, PTV). (b) Impeller E (Q∕Q0=1.0, PTV). (c) Impeller D (Q∕Q0=0.25, PTV).
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Phase averaged velocity vectors of test pump 2 (uncertainty of vθ∕u2=±3.75%, of vr∕u2=±3.75%). (a) Impeller D (Q∕Q0=1.0, PTV). (b) Impeller E (Q∕Q0=1.0, PTV). (c) Impeller D (Q∕Q0=0.25, PTV).
Figure 10

Phase averaged velocity vectors of test pump 2 (uncertainty of vθ∕u2=±3.75%, of vr∕u2=±3.75%). (a) Impeller D (Q∕Q0=1.0, PTV). (b) Impeller E (Q∕Q0=1.0, PTV). (c) Impeller D (Q∕Q0=0.25, PTV).

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+Phase-averaged relative velocity vectors (impeller D, Q∕Q0=1.0, area 3, PIV) (uncertainty of vθ∕u2=±3.5%, of vr∕u2=±3.5%). (a) Plane 1 (z∕b=0.05). (b) Plane 2 (z∕b=0.5). (c) Plane 3 (z∕b=0.95).
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Phase-averaged relative velocity vectors (impeller D, Q∕Q0=1.0, area 3, PIV) (uncertainty of vθ∕u2=±3.5%, of vr∕u2=±3.5%). (a) Plane 1 (z∕b=0.05). (b) Plane 2 (z∕b=0.5). (c) Plane 3 (z∕b=0.95).
Figure 11

Phase-averaged relative velocity vectors (impeller D, Q∕Q0=1.0, area 3, PIV) (uncertainty of vθ∕u2=±3.5%, of vr∕u2=±3.5%). (a) Plane 1 (z∕b=0.05). (b) Plane 2 (z∕b=0.5). (c) Plane 3 (z∕b=0.95).

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+Absolute tangential velocity ratio (impeller D, Q∕Q0=1.0, c∕b2=0.125, PIV) (uncertainty of vθ∕rω=±3.5%)
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Absolute tangential velocity ratio (impeller D, Q∕Q0=1.0, c∕b2=0.125, PIV) (uncertainty of vθ∕rω=±3.5%)
Figure 12

Absolute tangential velocity ratio (impeller D, Q∕Q0=1.0, c∕b2=0.125, PIV) (uncertainty of vθ∕rω=±3.5%)

Grahic Jump Location
+Change of absolute tangential velocity ratio by blade outlet angle (Impellers D and E, Q∕Q0=1.0, PIV) (uncertainty of vθ∕rω=±3.5%)
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Change of absolute tangential velocity ratio by blade outlet angle (Impellers D and E, Q∕Q0=1.0, PIV) (uncertainty of vθ∕rω=±3.5%)
Figure 13

Change of absolute tangential velocity ratio by blade outlet angle (Impellers D and E, Q∕Q0=1.0, PIV) (uncertainty of vθ∕rω=±3.5%)

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+Change of absolute tangential velocity ratio by tip clearance ratio (impellers B′ and C′, Q∕Q0=1.0) (uncertainty of vθ∕rω=±0.75% and ±2.35% static pressure and LDV, respectively)
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Change of absolute tangential velocity ratio by tip clearance ratio (impellers B′ and C′, Q∕Q0=1.0) (uncertainty of vθ∕rω=±0.75% and ±2.35% static pressure and LDV, respectively)
Figure 14

Change of absolute tangential velocity ratio by tip clearance ratio (impellers B′ and C′, Q∕Q0=1.0) (uncertainty of vθ∕rω=±0.75% and ±2.35% static pressure and LDV, respectively)

Grahic Jump Location
+Change of absolute tangential velocity ratio by specific speed variation (Q∕Q0=1.0)
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Change of absolute tangential velocity ratio by specific speed variation (Q∕Q0=1.0)
Figure 15

Change of absolute tangential velocity ratio by specific speed variation (Q∕Q0=1.0)

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