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TECHNICAL PAPERS

# Experimental Investigation on the Onset of Gas Entrainment from a Stratified Two-Phase Region Through Multiple Branches Mounted on a Curved Surface

[+] Author and Article Information
Tariq Ahmad

Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3G 1M8

Ibrahim Hassan1

Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3G 1M8ibrahimH@alcor.concordia.ca

1

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

J. Fluids Eng 128(4), 726-733 (Jan 12, 2006) (8 pages) doi:10.1115/1.2201645 History: Received March 07, 2005; Revised January 12, 2006

## Abstract

An experimental investigation has been carried out to simulate the onset of gas entrainment phenomenon from a stratified region through branches located on a semicircular wall configuration, in close dimensional resemblance with a Canada Deuterium and Uranium (CANDU) header-feeder system. New experimental data for the onset of gas entrainment was developed during single and multiple discharge from an air/water stratified region over a wide range of Froude numbers (0 to 100), in order to thoroughly understand the onset of gas entrainment phenomenon. It was found that the critical height at the onset of gas entrainment (single or simultaneous) was a function of the corresponding Froude number of each branch, the vertical distance between the centerlines of the branches (for multiple discharge), the hydraulic resistance of the discharging lines, as well as the orientation of the branches and their diameter with respect to the main header. Concerning multiple discharge comparisons, at intermediate Fr values $(1 the data deviates, however at higher Fr values $(>10)$ there is convergence. The present data are necessary in validating future analytical and numerical models of the onset of gas entrainment for a curved geometry, particularly at low Froude numbers.

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Copyright © 2006 by American Society of Mechanical Engineers
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## Figures

Figure 1

Modeled test section used in the present investigation

Figure 2

Experimental test facility flow loop

Figure 3

The critical height at the onset of gas entrainment for single discharge experiments

Figure 4

Effect of an additional discharge on the onset at Branch A

Figure 5

Effect of an additional discharge on the onset at Branch B

Figure 6

Comparisons between single, dual, and triple discharge

Figure 7

Regions indicating the branch at which the onset of gas entrainment first occurs during dual discharge through Branches A and B

Figure 8

Regions indicating the branch at which the onset of gas entrainment first occurs during dual discharge through Branches A and C

Figure 9

(a) The onset point at single discharge through Branch A (FrA=52). (b) The onset point occurring simultaneously at Branches A and B, with the activation of Branch B (FrA=0.1 and FrB=52). (c) The onset point occurring simultaneously at Branches A and C, with the activation of Branch C (FrA=0.5 and FrC=52).

Figure 10

(a) The onset point at single discharge through Branch B (FrB=52). (b) The onset point occurring simultaneously at Branches B and C, with the activation of Branch C (FrB=10 and FrC=52).

## Errata

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