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Journal of Fluids Engineering | Volume 134 | Issue 3 | Fundamental Issues and Canonical Flows
Fundamental Issues and Canonical Flows

Numerical Simulation of an Oscillating Cylinder Using Large Eddy Simulation and Implicit Large Eddy Simulation

[+] Author and Article Information
A. Feymark

Shipping and Marine Technology,  Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Swedenandreas.feymark@chalmers.se

N. Alin

 Shipping and Marine Technology, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden;niklas.alin@foi.se The Swedish Defense Research Agency – FOI, 147 25 Tumba, Swedenniklas.alin@foi.se

R. Bensow

 Shipping and Marine Technology, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Swedenrickard.bensow@chalmers.se

C. Fureby

 Shipping and Marine Technology, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden;fureby@foi.se The Swedish Defense Research Agency – FOI, 147 25 Tumba, Swedenfureby@foi.se

J. Fluids Eng 134(3), 031205 (Mar 23, 2012) (10 pages) doi:10.1115/1.4005766 History: Received April 14, 2011; Revised January 09, 2012; Published March 20, 2012; Online March 23, 2012
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In this work, we use large eddy simulation (LES) to study the influence of grid and subgrid model on the lift and drag force predictions of a fixed cylinder undergoing streamwise sinusoidal oscillations in a steady flow, resulting in a varying Reynolds number, Re, within the range 405 ≤ Re ≤ 2482. This benchmark case is a first step toward studying engineering applications related to flow-induced vibrations. We examine the influence of both grid resolution and the subgrid model using implicit and explicit LES. The methodology used, LES based on a finite-volume method capable of handling moving meshes, are found to provide force predictions that agree well with experimentally measured data, with respect both to the overall flow development and force magnitude.
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Copyright © 2012 by American Society of Mechanical Engineers
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References

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Sagaut, P., 2006, "Large Eddy Simulation for Incompressible Flows", 3rd ed., Springer, Berlin.
2
Fureby, C., Tabor, G., Weller, H. G., and Gosman, D., 2000, “Large Eddy Simulation of the Flow Around a Square Prism,” AIAA J., 38 (3), pp. 442–452.  [CrossRef]
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Svennberg, U., and Fureby, C., 2003, “LES Computation of the Flow over a Smoothly Contoured Ramp,” "41st AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit", Reno, Nevada, Jan. 6–9, AIAA-2003-965.
4
Persson, T., Liefevendahl, M., Bensow, R. E., and Fureby, C., 2006, “Numerical Investigation of the Flow over an Axisymmetric Hill Using LES, DES, and RANS,” J. Turbul., 7 (4), pp. 1–17.  [CrossRef]
5
Cetiner, O., 1998, “Flow Structure and Loading Due to an Oscillating Cylinder in a Steady Current,” Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, 1998.
6
Cetiner, O., and Rockwell, D., 2001, “Streamwise Oscillations of a Cylinder in a Steady Current. Part 1: Locked-on States of Vortex Formation and Loading,” J. Fluid Mech., 427 , pp. 1–28.  [CrossRef]
7
Cetiner, O., and Rockwell, D., 2001, “Streamwise Oscillations of a Cylinder in a Steady Current. Part 2: Free-Surface Effects on Vortex Formation and Loading,” J. Fluid Mech., 427 , pp. 29–59.  [CrossRef]
8
Ongoren, A., and Rockwell, D., 1988, “Flow Structure from an Oscillating Cylinder. Part 2: Mode Competition in the Near Wake,” J. Fluid Mechanics, 191 , pp. 225–245.  [CrossRef]
9
Williamson, C. H. K., and Roshko, A., 1988, “Vortex Formation in the Wake of an Oscillating Cylinder,” J. Fluids Struct., 2 (4), pp. 355–381.  [CrossRef]
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Liefvendahl, M., and Lillberg, E., 2005, “Computational Methods for Unsteady Fluid Force Predictions Using Moving Mesh Large Eddy Simulations,” "43rd AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit", Reno, Nevada, Jan. 10–13, AIAA-2005-4144.
11
Lu, X. Y., and Dalton, C., 1996, “Calculation of the Timing of Vortex Formation from an Oscillating Cylinder,” J. Fluids Struct., 10 (5), pp. 527–541.  [CrossRef]
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Saritas, M., and Cetiner, O., 2003, “Flow Structure and Loading Due to an Oscillating Cylinder in Steady Current,” "Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Fluid Control, Measurement and Visualization",” Sorrento, Italy, Aug. 25–28.
13
Feymark, A., Alin, N., Bensow, R. E., and Fureby, C., 2010, “LES of an Oscillating Cylinder in a Steady Flow,” "48th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting Including the New Horizons Forum and Aerospace Exposition", Orlando, Florida, Jan. 4–7, AIAA 2010-560.
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Pope, S. B., 2000, "Turbulent Flows", Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
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Grinstein, F. F., Margolin, L., and Rider, B., 2007, "Implicit Large Eddy Simulation: Computing Turbulent Fluid Dynamics", 1st ed., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
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Lesieur, M., and Metais, O., 1996, “New Trends in Large Eddy Simulations of Turbulence,” Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech., 28 , pp. 45–82.  [CrossRef]
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Fureby, C., 2008, “Towards the Use of Large Eddy Simulation in Engineering,” Prog. Aerosp. Sci., 44 (6), pp. 381–396.  [CrossRef]
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Schumann, U., 1975, “Subgrid Scale Model for Finite Difference Simulation of Turbulent Flows in Plane Channels and Annuli,” J. Comput. Phys., 18 (4), pp. 376–404.  [CrossRef]
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Boris, J. P., Grinstein, F. F., Oran, E. S., and Kolbe, R. L., 1992, “New Insights into Large Eddy Simulation,” Fluid Dyn. Res., 10 (4–6), pp. 199–228.  [CrossRef]
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Clark, R. A., Ferziger, J. H., and Reynolds, W. C., 1979, “Evaluation of Subgrid-Scale Models Using an Accurately Simulated Turbulent Flow,” J. Fluid Mech., 91 (1), pp. 1–16.  [CrossRef]
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Fureby, C., 2007, “On LES and DES of Wall Bounded Flows,” Ercoftac Bull., 72 .
30
Weller, H. G., Tabor, G., Jasak, H., and Fureby, C., 1998, “A Tensorial Approach to Computational Continuum Mechanics Using Object Oriented Techniques,” Comput. Phys., 12 (6), pp. 620–631.  [CrossRef]
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34
Lourenco, L., and Shih, C., 1993, “Characteristics of the Plane Turbulent Near, Wake of a Circular Cylinder. A Particle Image Velocimetry Study,” Private communication by Beaudan, P. and Moin, P.
35
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36
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37
Tremblay, F., 2001, “Direct and Large-Eddy Simulation of Flow around a Circular Cylinder at Subcritical Reynolds Number,” Ph.D. dissertation, Fachgebiet Strömungsmechanik, Technische Univerität München, Munich, Germany.

Figures

Grahic Jump Location
+Perspective view of the flow past a fixed cylinder in a steady flow at Re = 3900 in terms of iso-surfaces of the second invariant of the velocity gradient. In (a) case 1.1, grid A: 0.6M cells, and in (b) case 1.3, grid C: 5.1M cells.
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Perspective view of the flow past a fixed cylinder in a steady flow at Re = 3900 in terms of iso-surfaces of the second invariant of the velocity gradient. In (a) case 1.1, grid A: 0.6M cells, and in (b) case 1.3, grid C: 5.1M cells.
Figure 1

Perspective view of the flow past a fixed cylinder in a steady flow at Re = 3900 in terms of iso-surfaces of the second invariant of the velocity gradient. In (a) case 1.1, grid A: 0.6M cells, and in (b) case 1.3, grid C: 5.1M cells.

Grahic Jump Location
+Validation for fixed cylinder at Re = 3900. In (a) the mean velocity along centerline y = 0 is shown, vertical solid lines indicate, x/D = 1.06, 1.54, 2.02, and 4. In (b) streamwise velocity profiles, and in (c) axial velocity rms fluctuations are given at x/D = 1.06, 1.54, 2.02, and 4, bottom to top. In (d), the pressure coefficient on the cylinder surface is shown, φ is the horizontal angle starting at the stagnation point. Note that for Cp there are no experimental data available.
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Validation for fixed cylinder at Re = 3900. In (a) the mean velocity along centerline y = 0 is shown, vertical solid lines indicate, x/D = 1.06, 1.54, 2.02, and 4. In (b) streamwise velocity profiles, and in (c) axial velocity rms fluctuations are given at x/D = 1.06, 1.54, 2.02, and 4, bottom to top. In (d), the pressure coefficient on the cylinder surface is shown, φ is the horizontal angle starting at the stagnation point. Note that for Cp there are no experimental data available.
Figure 2

Validation for fixed cylinder at Re = 3900. In (a) the mean velocity along centerline y = 0 is shown, vertical solid lines indicate, x/D = 1.06, 1.54, 2.02, and 4. In (b) streamwise velocity profiles, and in (c) axial velocity rms fluctuations are given at x/D = 1.06, 1.54, 2.02, and 4, bottom to top. In (d), the pressure coefficient on the cylinder surface is shown, φ is the horizontal angle starting at the stagnation point. Note that for Cp there are no experimental data available.

Grahic Jump Location
+Experimental setup used by Cetiner [5]. Published with the permission of the author.
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Experimental setup used by Cetiner [5]. Published with the permission of the author.
Figure 3

Experimental setup used by Cetiner [5]. Published with the permission of the author.

Grahic Jump Location
+Time sequence, with Cy on the y axis and time t on the x axis, Cetiner [5]. Published with the permission of the author.
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Time sequence, with Cy on the y axis and time t on the x axis, Cetiner [5]. Published with the permission of the author.
Figure 4

Time sequence, with Cy on the y axis and time t on the x axis, Cetiner [5]. Published with the permission of the author.

Grahic Jump Location
+Example of Lissajous curves emphasizing the sensitivity of these graphs to fe . (a) fe  =  100/360 Hz, and (b) fe  =  99.9/360 Hz. Experimental data provided by Cetiner [5].
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Example of Lissajous curves emphasizing the sensitivity of these graphs to fe . (a) fe  =  100/360 Hz, and (b) fe  =  99.9/360 Hz. Experimental data provided by Cetiner [5].
Figure 5

Example of Lissajous curves emphasizing the sensitivity of these graphs to fe . (a) fe  =  100/360 Hz, and (b) fe  =  99.9/360 Hz. Experimental data provided by Cetiner [5].

Grahic Jump Location
+Iso-surface of the second invariant of the velocity gradient together with schematic pictures for Case 2.4 at five instants during one characteristic cylinder cycle, (a) to (e), and in (f) a time series of the normalized displacement of the cylinder, xc , the drag and lift forces, Cx and Cy . In all panels is the oscillation period T =  1/fe .
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Iso-surface of the second invariant of the velocity gradient together with schematic pictures for Case 2.4 at five instants during one characteristic cylinder cycle, (a) to (e), and in (f) a time series of the normalized displacement of the cylinder, xc , the drag and lift forces, Cx and Cy . In all panels is the oscillation period T =  1/fe .
Figure 6

Iso-surface of the second invariant of the velocity gradient together with schematic pictures for Case 2.4 at five instants during one characteristic cylinder cycle, (a) to (e), and in (f) a time series of the normalized displacement of the cylinder, xc , the drag and lift forces, Cx and Cy . In all panels is the oscillation period T =  1/fe .

Grahic Jump Location
+Lissajous curves of the drag force (a), lift force (b), and drag force versus lift forces (c), for the grids A, B, and C. Experimental results shown in black. Legend: (solid line) experimental data, (solid line) ILES + WM on grid A, (long dashed line ILES + WM on grid B, and (short dashed line) ILES + WM on grid C.
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Lissajous curves of the drag force (a), lift force (b), and drag force versus lift forces (c), for the grids A, B, and C. Experimental results shown in black. Legend: (solid line) experimental data, (solid line) ILES + WM on grid A, (long dashed line ILES + WM on grid B, and (short dashed line) ILES + WM on grid C.
Figure 7

Lissajous curves of the drag force (a), lift force (b), and drag force versus lift forces (c), for the grids A, B, and C. Experimental results shown in black. Legend: (solid line) experimental data, (solid line) ILES + WM on grid A, (long dashed line ILES + WM on grid B, and (short dashed line) ILES + WM on grid C.

Grahic Jump Location
+Mean lift force versus time (a), and mean drag force versus time (b), for ILES on grid A, B, and C together with experimental results. Legend: (solid line) experimental data, (solid line) ILES + WM on grid A, (long dashed line) ILES + WM on grid B, and (short dashed line) ILES + WM on grid C.
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Mean lift force versus time (a), and mean drag force versus time (b), for ILES on grid A, B, and C together with experimental results. Legend: (solid line) experimental data, (solid line) ILES + WM on grid A, (long dashed line) ILES + WM on grid B, and (short dashed line) ILES + WM on grid C.
Figure 8

Mean lift force versus time (a), and mean drag force versus time (b), for ILES on grid A, B, and C together with experimental results. Legend: (solid line) experimental data, (solid line) ILES + WM on grid A, (long dashed line) ILES + WM on grid B, and (short dashed line) ILES + WM on grid C.

Grahic Jump Location
+Modulus of the fast Fourier transform (FFT) of the lift force versus normalized frequency for ILES + WM on three different grids together with experimental results. Legend: (solid line) experimental data, (solid line) ILES + WM on grid A, (long dashed line) ILES + WM on grid B, and (short dashed line) ILES+WM on grid C.
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Modulus of the fast Fourier transform (FFT) of the lift force versus normalized frequency for ILES + WM on three different grids together with experimental results. Legend: (solid line) experimental data, (solid line) ILES + WM on grid A, (long dashed line) ILES + WM on grid B, and (short dashed line) ILES+WM on grid C.
Figure 9

Modulus of the fast Fourier transform (FFT) of the lift force versus normalized frequency for ILES + WM on three different grids together with experimental results. Legend: (solid line) experimental data, (solid line) ILES + WM on grid A, (long dashed line) ILES + WM on grid B, and (short dashed line) ILES+WM on grid C.

Grahic Jump Location
+The four signals f0.5 , f1.5 , f2.5 , and f3.5 together with their total sum fΣ for ILES on grid C together with experimental results. Legend: (solid line) experimental data, and (dashed line) ILES + WM on grid C.
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The four signals f0.5 , f1.5 , f2.5 , and f3.5 together with their total sum fΣ for ILES on grid C together with experimental results. Legend: (solid line) experimental data, and (dashed line) ILES + WM on grid C.
Figure 10

The four signals f0.5 , f1.5 , f2.5 , and f3.5 together with their total sum fΣ for ILES on grid C together with experimental results. Legend: (solid line) experimental data, and (dashed line) ILES + WM on grid C.

Grahic Jump Location
+Lissajous curves of the drag force (a), and lift force (b), for ILES + WM, OEEVM + WM, and LDKM + WM. Legend: (solid line) experimental data, (gray dashed line) ILES + WM on grid B, (dashed line) OEEVM + WM on grid B, and (gray dashed line) LDKM + WM on grid C.
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Lissajous curves of the drag force (a), and lift force (b), for ILES + WM, OEEVM + WM, and LDKM + WM. Legend: (solid line) experimental data, (gray dashed line) ILES + WM on grid B, (dashed line) OEEVM + WM on grid B, and (gray dashed line) LDKM + WM on grid C.
Figure 11

Lissajous curves of the drag force (a), and lift force (b), for ILES + WM, OEEVM + WM, and LDKM + WM. Legend: (solid line) experimental data, (gray dashed line) ILES + WM on grid B, (dashed line) OEEVM + WM on grid B, and (gray dashed line) LDKM + WM on grid C.

Grahic Jump Location
+Mean lift force versus time (a), and mean drag force versus time (b). Legend: (solid line) experimental data, (gray dashed line) ILES + WM on grid B, (dashed line) OEEVM + WM on grid B, and (gray dashed line) LDKM + WM on grid C.
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Mean lift force versus time (a), and mean drag force versus time (b). Legend: (solid line) experimental data, (gray dashed line) ILES + WM on grid B, (dashed line) OEEVM + WM on grid B, and (gray dashed line) LDKM + WM on grid C.
Figure 12

Mean lift force versus time (a), and mean drag force versus time (b). Legend: (solid line) experimental data, (gray dashed line) ILES + WM on grid B, (dashed line) OEEVM + WM on grid B, and (gray dashed line) LDKM + WM on grid C.

Grahic Jump Location
+Modulus of the FFT of the lift force versus normalized frequency for ILES + WM, OEEVM + WM, and LDKM on grid B together with experimental results. Legend: (solid line) experimental data, (gray dashed line) ILES + WM on grid B, (dashed line) OEEVM + WM on grid B, and (gray dashed line) LDKM + WM on grid C.
View Large  |  Save Figure  |  Download Slide (.ppt)
Modulus of the FFT of the lift force versus normalized frequency for ILES + WM, OEEVM + WM, and LDKM on grid B together with experimental results. Legend: (solid line) experimental data, (gray dashed line) ILES + WM on grid B, (dashed line) OEEVM + WM on grid B, and (gray dashed line) LDKM + WM on grid C.
Figure 13

Modulus of the FFT of the lift force versus normalized frequency for ILES + WM, OEEVM + WM, and LDKM on grid B together with experimental results. Legend: (solid line) experimental data, (gray dashed line) ILES + WM on grid B, (dashed line) OEEVM + WM on grid B, and (gray dashed line) LDKM + WM on grid C.

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