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Journal of Fluids Engineering | Volume 135 | Issue 11 | research-article
Research Papers: Fundamental Issues and Canonical Flows

Drag Reduction of a Bluff Body by Grooves Laid Out by Design of Experiment

[+] Author and Article Information
Seong-Ho Seo

Division of Information Analysis,
Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information,
76-2 Geoje-dong,
Yeonje-gu, Busan 611-702, South Korea

Chung-Do Nam

Division of Marine Engineering,
Korea Maritime University,
727 Taejong-ro,
Yeongdo-gu, Busan 606-791, South Korea

Cheol-Hyun Hong

e-mail: chhong@pusan.ac.kr
Pusan Educational Center for Computer
Aided Machine Design,
Pusan National University,
San 30, Jangjeon-dong,
Geumjeong-gu, Busan 609-735, South Korea

1Corresponding author.

Contributed by the Fluids Engineering Division of ASME for publication in the JOURNAL OF FLUIDS ENGINEERING. Manuscript received September 29, 2012; final manuscript received June 27, 2013; published online August 19, 2013. Assoc. Editor: Zhongquan Charlie Zheng.

J. Fluids Eng 135(11), 111202 (Aug 19, 2013) (10 pages) Paper No: FE-12-1483; doi: 10.1115/1.4024934 History: Received September 29, 2012; Revised June 27, 2013
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In this study, we used the Taguchi method to derive the optimal design parameters for the grooves formed on the upper surface of a circular cylinder. Using the derived values of the optimal design parameters, we created grooves on diphycercal the surfaces of a circular cylinder and analyzed the wake flow and the boundary-layer flow of the circular cylinder. The streamwise time mean velocity and turbulence intensity of the wake flow field were used as the characteristics. Based on these characteristics, the optimal design parameter values were selected: n = 3, k = 1.0 mm (k/d = 2.5%), and θ = 60 deg. When the grooved cylinder was used, the streamwise time mean velocity in the wake of the cylinder showed 12.3% recovery, the wake width was reduced by 18.4% compared to the results from the smooth cylinder and we had 28.2% drag reduction from that of smooth cylinder. Also, the flow on the smooth cylinder separated at around 82 deg but the flow separation on a grooved cylinder appeared beyond 90 deg, that reducing the drag.
Copyright © 2013 by ASME
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Figures

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Fig. 1

Examples of a grooved body. (a) Saguaro cactus and (b) low wind-pressure power cable.

+Examples of a grooved body. (a) Saguaro cactus and (b) low wind-pressure power cable.
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Examples of a grooved body. (a) Saguaro cactus and (b) low wind-pressure power cable.
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Fig. 2

Shape of the circular cylinder with grooves

+Shape of the circular cylinder with grooves
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Shape of the circular cylinder with grooves
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Fig. 3

Diagram of measuring and data processing

+Diagram of measuring and data processing
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Diagram of measuring and data processing
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Fig. 4

Schematic of PIV experimental setup

+Schematic of PIV experimental setup
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Schematic of PIV experimental setup
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Fig. 5

Average values of design parameters in 1st DOE. (a) Factorial effect graph of ΔU; (b) factorial effect graph of ΔU′; (c) factorial effect graph of ΔU′; (d) factorial effect graph of Δuv.

+Average values of design parameters in 1st DOE. (a) Factorial effect graph of ΔU; (b) factorial effect graph of ΔU′; (c) factorial effect graph of ΔU′; (d) factorial effect graph of Δuv.
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Average values of design parameters in 1st DOE. (a) Factorial effect graph of ΔU; (b) factorial effect graph of ΔU′; (c) factorial effect graph of ΔU′; (d) factorial effect graph of Δuv.
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Fig. 6

Average values of parameter θ in 2nd DOE

+Average values of parameter θ in 2nd DOE
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Average values of parameter θ in 2nd DOE
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Fig. 7

Comparison of wake flow characteristics. (a) Streamwise time mean velocity profile; (b) streamwise turbulent intensity profile; and (c) vertical turbulent intensity profile.

+Comparison of wake flow characteristics. (a) Streamwise time mean velocity profile; (b) streamwise turbulent intensity profile; and (c) vertical turbulent intensity profile.
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Comparison of wake flow characteristics. (a) Streamwise time mean velocity profile; (b) streamwise turbulent intensity profile; and (c) vertical turbulent intensity profile.
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Fig. 8

The instantaneous velocity field. (a) Smooth cylinder and (b) grooved cylinder.

+The instantaneous velocity field. (a) Smooth cylinder and (b) grooved cylinder.
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The instantaneous velocity field. (a) Smooth cylinder and (b) grooved cylinder.
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Fig. 9

Ensemble averaged velocity field. (a) Smooth cylinder and (b) grooved cylinder.

+Ensemble averaged velocity field. (a) Smooth cylinder and (b) grooved cylinder.
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Ensemble averaged velocity field. (a) Smooth cylinder and (b) grooved cylinder.
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Fig. 10

Contours for streamwise Reynolds normal stress. (a) Smooth cylinder and (b) grooved cylinder.

+Contours for streamwise Reynolds normal stress. (a) Smooth cylinder and (b) grooved cylinder.
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Contours for streamwise Reynolds normal stress. (a) Smooth cylinder and (b) grooved cylinder.
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Fig. 11

Contours for vertical Reynolds normal stress. (a) Smooth cylinder and (b) grooved cylinder.

+Contours for vertical Reynolds normal stress. (a) Smooth cylinder and (b) grooved cylinder.
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Contours for vertical Reynolds normal stress. (a) Smooth cylinder and (b) grooved cylinder.
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Fig. 12

Contours for shear stress. (a) Smooth cylinder and (b) grooved cylinder.

+Contours for shear stress. (a) Smooth cylinder and (b) grooved cylinder.
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Contours for shear stress. (a) Smooth cylinder and (b) grooved cylinder.
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Fig. 13

Measuring points of flow near the surface of cylinder

+Measuring points of flow near the surface of cylinder
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Measuring points of flow near the surface of cylinder
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Fig. 14

Streamwise flow velocity distribution near the cylinder surface

+Streamwise flow velocity distribution near the cylinder surface
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Streamwise flow velocity distribution near the cylinder surface
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Fig. 15

Streamwise turbulent intensity distribution near the cylinder wall

+Streamwise turbulent intensity distribution near the cylinder wall
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Streamwise turbulent intensity distribution near the cylinder wall

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