... based on fractal theory. First, based on Von Mises yield criteria, maximum contact pressure factor was derived. Second, relationships taking into consideration strain hardening effects were proposed to describe contact area based on the fully plastic contact area index and contact pressure...

... strain hardening are obtained as functions of the relative density in two characteristic loading directions. The expression for the stress–strain relationship consisting of quadratic and linear terms with respect to the relative density is linked to the partitioning of the deformation energy during...