In this paper, we study the synchronization of a class of uncertain chaotic systems. Based on the sliding mode control and stability theory in fractional calculus, a new controller is designed to achieve synchronization. Examples are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed controller, like the synchronization between an integer-order system and a fraction-order system, the synchronization between two fractional-order hyperchaotic systems (FOHS) with nonidentical fractional orders, the antisynchronization between an integer-order system and a fraction-order system, the synchronization between two new nonautonomous systems. The simulation results are in good agreement with the theory analysis and it is noted that the proposed control method is of vital importance for practical system parameters are uncertain and imprecise.

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