This paper describes a real-time control method for non-linear systems based on model predictive control. The model used for the prediction is a neural network because of its ability to represent non-linear systems, its ability to be differentiated, and its simplicity of use. The feasibility and the performance of the method, based on on-line linearization, are demonstrated on a turbocharged spark-ignited engine application, where the simulation models used are very accurate and complex. The results, first in simulation and then on a test bench, show the implementation of the proposed control scheme in real time.

1.
Clarke
,
D. W.
,
Mohtadi
,
C.
, and
Tuffs
,
P. S.
, 1987, “
Generalized Predictive Control—Part I: The Basic Algorithm
,”
Automatica
0005-1098,
23
(
2
), pp.
137
273
.
2.
Richalet
,
J.
,
Rault
,
A.
,
Testud
,
J. L.
, and
Papon
,
J.
, 1978, “
Model Predictive Heuristic Control: Applications to Industrial Processes
,”
Automatica
0005-1098,
14
(
5
), pp.
413
428
.
3.
Cutler
,
C. R.
, and
Ramaker
,
B. L.
, 1979, “
Dynamic Matrix Control—A Computer Control Algorithm
,”
AICHE National Meeting
,
Houston, TX
.
4.
Lee
,
J. H.
,
Morari
,
M.
, and
Garcia
,
C. E.
, 1994, “
State Space Interpretation of Model Predictive Control
,”
Automatica
0005-1098,
30
(
4
), pp.
707
717
.
5.
Garcia
,
C. E.
,
Prett
,
D. M.
, and
Morari
,
M.
, 1989, “
Model Predictive Control: Theory and Practice—A Survey
,”
Automatica
0005-1098,
25
(
3
), pp.
335
348
.
6.
Morari
,
M.
, and
Lee
,
J. H.
, 1999, “
Model Predictive Control: Past, Present, Future
,”
Comput. Chem. Eng.
0098-1354,
23
(
4–5
), pp.
667
682
.
7.
Qin
,
S. J.
, and
Badqwell
,
T. A.
, 2003, “
A Survey of Industrial Model Predictive Technology
,”
Control Eng. Pract.
0967-0661,
11
(
7
), pp.
733
764
.
8.
Findeisen
,
R.
, and
Allgöwer
,
F.
, 2002, “
An Introduction to Non-linear Model Predictive Control
,”
21st Benelux Meeting on Systems and Control
,
Veldhoven, The Netherlands
.
9.
Chen
,
W.-H
,
Balance
,
D. J.
, and
Gawthrop
,
P. J.
, 2003, “
Optimal Control of Nonlinear Systems: a Predictive Control Approach
,”
Automatica
0005-1098,
39
(
4
), pp.
633
641
.
10.
Bloch
,
G.
, and
Denoeux
,
T.
, 2003, “
Neural Networks for Process Control and Optimization: Two Industrial Applications
,”
ISA Trans.
0019-0578,
42
(
1
), pp.
39
51
.
11.
Nørgaard
,
M.
,
Ravn
,
O.
,
Poulsen
,
N. K.
, and
Hansen
,
L. K.
, 2000,
Neural Networks for Modeling and Control of Dynamic Systems
,
Springer
,
London
.
12.
Hunt
,
K. J.
,
Sbarbaro
,
D.
,
Zbikowski
,
R.
, and
Gawthrop
,
P. J.
, 1992, “
Neural Networks for Control Systems—A Survey
,”
Automatica
0005-1098,
28
(
6
), pp.
1083
1112
.
13.
Soloway
,
D.
, and
Haley
,
P. J.
, 1996, “
Neural Generalized Predictive Control: A Newton-Raphson Implementation
,”
IEEE Int. Symposium on Intelligent Control
.
14.
Sorensen
,
P. H.
,
Nørgaard
,
M.
,
Ravn
,
O.
, and
Poulsen
,
N. K.
, 1999, “
Implementation of Neural Network Based Non-linear Predictive Control
,”
Neurocomputing
0925-2312,
28
(
1–3
), pp.
37
51
.
15.
Camacho
,
E. F.
, and
Bordons
,
C.
, 2003,
Model Predictive Control
,
Springer
,
New York
.
16.
Blet
,
N.
,
Megias
,
D.
,
Serrano
,
J.
, and
de Prada
,
C.
, 2002, “
Non-linear MPCV Versus MPC Using On-line Linearization—A Comparative Study
,”
IFAC 15th Triennial World Congress
,
Barcelona, Spain
.
17.
Lennox
,
B.
,
Montague
,
G. A.
,
Frith
,
A. M.
,
Gent
,
C.
, and
Bevan
,
V.
, 2001, “
Industrial Application of Neural Networks: An Investigation
,”
J. Process Control
0959-1524,
11
(
5
), pp.
497
507
.
18.
Powers
,
W. F.
, and
Nicastri
,
P. R.
, 2000, “
Automotive Vehicle Control Challenges in the 21st Century
,”
Control Eng. Pract.
0967-0661,
8
(
6
), pp.
605
618
.
19.
Lecointe
,
B.
, and
Monnier
,
G.
, 2003, “
Downsizing a Gasoline Engine Using Turbocharging With Direct Injection
,” SAE Technical Paper, 2003-01-0542.
20.
Mille
,
D.
, 2003, “
Le Downsizing des Moteurs Essence—Enjeux, Perspectives
,”
Conférence CNAM/SIA
,
Paris
.
21.
Corde
,
G.
, 2002, “
Le Contrôle Moteur
,” in:
Contrôle-commande de la Voiture
,
G.
Gissinger
,
N.
Le Fort-Piat
eds.,
Hermès
,
Paris
.
22.
Wakeman
,
R. J.
, and
Wright
,
D. O.
, 1986, “
Closed Loop Turbocharger Control With Transient Wastegate Functions
,” SAE Technical paper, 860487.
23.
Muller
,
H.-M.
,
Unland
,
S.
, and
Haming
,
W.
, 1991, “
Electronic Boost Pressure and Knock Control System for SI Engines With Turbo Charger
,”
In: Proc. of Eighth International Conference on Automotive Electronics
,
London, UK
, pp.
43
47
.
24.
Karnik
,
A. Y.
,
Buckland
,
J. H.
, and
Freudenberg
,
J. S.
, 2005, “
Electronic Throttle and Wastegate Control for Turbocharged Gasoline Engine
,”
In: Proc. of American Control Conference
,
Portland, OR
, pp.
4434
4439
.
25.
Lezhnev
,
L.
,
Kolmanovsky
,
I.
, and
Buckland
,
J.
, 2002, “
Boosted Gasoline Direct Injection Engines: Comparison of Throttle and VGT Controllers for Homogeneous Charge Operation
,” SAE Technical paper, 2002-01-0709.
26.
Rückert
,
J.
,
Richert
,
F.
,
Schloßer
,
A.
,
Abel
,
D.
,
Herrmann
,
O.
,
Pischinger
,
S.
, and
Pfeifer
,
A.
, 2004, “
A Model Based Predictive Control Boost Pressure and EGR Rate in a Heavy Duty Diesel Engine
,”
1st IFAC Symposium on Advances in Automotive Control (AAC04)
,
Salerno, Italy
.
27.
Colin
,
G.
,
Chamaillard
,
Y.
,
Bloch
,
G.
,
Corde
,
G.
, and
Charlet
,
A.
, 2005, “
Linearized Neural Predictive Control. A Turbocharged SI Engine Application
,”
SAE Trans.
0096-736X,
114
(
3
), pp.
101
108
; SAE Technical Paper 2005-01-046.
28.
Eriksson
,
L.
,
Frei
,
S.
,
Onder
,
C.
, and
Guzzella
,
L.
, 2002, “
Control and Optimization of Turbocharged SI Engines
,”
15th IFAC Triennial World Congress
,
Barcelona, Spain
.
29.
Heywood
,
J. B.
, 1988,
Internal Combustion Engine Fundamentals
,
McGraw-Hill
,
New York
.
30.
Talon
,
V.
, 2004, “
Modélisation 0-1D des Moteurs à Allumage Commandé
,” PhD thesis, Université d’Orléans.
31.
Nørgaard
,
M.
, 2000, “
Neural Network Based System Identification Toolbox ver. 2
,” Tech. Report 00-E-891, Department of Automation,
Technical University of Denmark
.
You do not currently have access to this content.