Design and Testing of Ejectors for High Temperature Fuel Cell Hybrid Systems

Our goal in this work is the improvement of the ejector performance inside hybrid systems supporting the theoretical activity with experimental tests. In fact, after a preliminary ejector design, an experimental rig has been developed to test single stage ejectors for hybrid systems at different operative conditions of mass flow rates, pressures, and temperatures. At first, an open circuit has been built to perform tests at atmospheric conditions in the secondary duct. Then, to emulate a SOFC anodic recirculation device, the circuit has been closed, introducing a fuel cell volume in a reduced scale. This configuration is important to test ejectors at pressurized conditions, both in primary and secondary ducts. Finally, the volume has been equipped with an electrical heater and the rig has been thermally insulated to test ejectors with secondary flows at high temperature, necessary to obtain values in similitude conditions with the real ones. This test rig has been used to validate simplified and CFD models necessary to design the ejectors and investigate the internal fluid dynamic phenomena. In fact, the application of CFD validated models has allowed us to improve the performance of ejectors for hybrid systems optimizing the geometry in terms of primary and secondary ducts, mixing chamber length, and diffuser. However, the simplified approach is essential to start the analysis with an effective preliminary geometry.