The combination of increased power dissipation and increased packaging density has led to substantial increases in chip and module heat flux in high-end computers. The challenge is to limit the rise in chip temperature above the ambient. In the past, virtually all commercial computers were designed to operate at temperatures above the ambient. However, researchers have identified the advantages of operating electronics at low temperatures. Until recently, large-scale scientific computers used direct immersion cooling of single-chip modules. The current research focuses on mainframes (computer system), which uses a conventional refrigeration system to maintain chip temperatures below that of comparable air-cooled systems, but well above cryogenic temperatures. Multivariable control of compressor speed along with thermostatic expansion valve (TXV) opening can give better stability and performance. TXV is a mechanical controlling device used in the refrigeration system. The compressor is the only mechanical-working component in the refrigeration cycle that circulates refrigerant through the system continuously. Hence, controlling the compressor is an important aspect. The control objective is defined as improving the transient behavior of the vapor compression cycle for the refrigeration system operating around an evaporator set-point temperature. The system behavior is studied in two cases, TXV being the only control element in the first case, while TXV and a compressor both act as control elements in the other case.
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December 2004
Research Papers
Impact of TXV and Compressor in the Stability of a High-End Computer Refrigeration System
Yasin Makwana,
Yasin Makwana
Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, University of Texas at Arlington, Box 19018, Arlington, TX 76019
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Dereje Agonafer, Fellow ASME,
Dereje Agonafer, Fellow ASME
Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, University of Texas at Arlington, Box 19018, Arlington, TX 76019
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Dan Manole
Dan Manole
Tecumseh Products Company, Tecumseh, MI
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Yasin Makwana
Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, University of Texas at Arlington, Box 19018, Arlington, TX 76019
Dereje Agonafer, Fellow ASME
Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, University of Texas at Arlington, Box 19018, Arlington, TX 76019
Dan Manole
Tecumseh Products Company, Tecumseh, MI
Contributed by ▪▪▪. Manuscript received September 17, 2004; revision received September 19, 2004. Review conducted by: B. Sammakia.
J. Electron. Packag. Dec 2004, 126(4): 554-559 (6 pages)
Published Online: January 24, 2005
Article history
Received:
September 17, 2004
Revised:
September 19, 2004
Online:
January 24, 2005
Citation
Makwana , Y., Agonafer, D., and Manole, D. (January 24, 2005). "Impact of TXV and Compressor in the Stability of a High-End Computer Refrigeration System ." ASME. J. Electron. Packag. December 2004; 126(4): 554–559. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.1827272
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