... impeded by a bigger one. 04 06 2007 03 12 2007 01 08 2008 chemical interdiffusion copper copper alloys current density dissolving electromigration finite element analysis flip-chip devices integrated circuit packaging silver alloys soldering solders tin alloys voids...

.... In this paper the dissolution kinetics of Sn3.5Ag solder on the electrolytic Ni and electroless NiP layer are investigated. It is found that during 1 min reflow the electrolytic Ni layer dissolves much less than the electroless NiP layer due to the formation of Ni 3 Sn and Ni 3 Sn 2 intermetallic compounds...