Micro-scale laser shock peening (μLSP) can potentially be applied to metallic structures in microdevices to improve fatigue and reliability performance. Copper thin films on a single-crystal silicon substrate are treated by using μLSP and characterized using techniques of X-ray microdiffraction and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). Strain field, dislocation density, and microstructure changes including crystallographic texture, grain size and subgrain structure are determined and analyzed. Further, shock peened single crystal silicon was experimentally characterized to better understand its effects on thin films response to μLSP. The experimental result is favorably compared with finite element method simulation based on single-crystal plasticity.

1.
Spengen
,
W. M.
, 2003, “
MEMS Reliability from a Failure Mechanisms Perspective
,”
Microelectron. Reliab.
0026-2714,
43
, pp.
1049
1060
.
2.
Stark
,
B.
, 1999,
MEMS Reliability Assurance Guidelines for Space Applications
, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL),
California Institute of Technology
, Pasadena, CA.
3.
Wang
,
W.
,
Wang
,
Y.
,
Bao
,
H.
,
Xiong
,
B.
, and
Bao
,
M.
, 2002, “
Friction and Wear Properties in MEMS
,”
Sens. Actuators, A
0924-4247,
97–98
, pp.
486
491
.
4.
Clauer
,
A. H.
, and
Holbrook
,
J. H.
, 1981, “
Effects of Laser Induced Shock Waves on Metals
,”
Shock Waves and High Strain Phenomena in Metals-Concepts and Applications
,
Plenum
, New York, pp.
675
702
.
5.
Clauer
,
A. H.
, and
Lahrman
,
D. F.
, 2001, “
Laser Shock Processing as a Surface Enhancement Process
,”
Key Eng. Mater.
1013-9826,
197
, pp.
121
142
.
6.
Gomez-Rosas
,
G.
,
Rubio-Gonzalez
,
C.
,
Ocana
,
J. L.
,
Molpeceres
,
C.
,
Porro
,
J. A.
,
Chi-Moreno
,
W.
, and
Morales
,
M.
, 2005, “
High Level Compressive Residual Stresses Produced in Aluminum Alloys by Laser Shock Processing
,”
Appl. Surf. Sci.
0169-4332,
252
, pp.
883
887
.
7.
Sanchez-Santana
,
U.
,
Rubio-Gonzalez
,
C.
,
Gomez-Rosas
,
G.
,
Ocana
,
J. L.
,
Molpeceres
,
C.
,
Porro
,
J.
, and
Morales
,
M.
, 2006, “
Wear and Friction of 6061-T6 Aluminum Alloy Treated by Laser Shock Processing
,”
Wear
0043-1648,
260
, pp.
847
854
.
8.
Zhang
,
W.
, and
Yao
,
Y. L.
, 2001, “
Feasibility Study of Inducing Desirable Residual Stress Distribution in Laser Micromachining
,”
Transactions of the North American Manufacturing Research Institution of SME (NAMRC 29th) 2001
, Gainesville, FL, pp.
413
420
.
9.
Chen
,
H. Q.
,
Kysar
,
J. W.
, and
Yao
,
Y. L.
, 2004, “
Characterization of Plastic Deformation Induced by Micro Scale Laser Shock Peening
,”
ASME J. Appl. Mech.
0021-8936,
71
, pp.
713
723
.
10.
Zhang
,
W.
,
Yao
,
Y. L.
, and
Noyan
,
I. C.
, 2004, “
Microscale Laser Shock Peening of Thin Films, Part 1: Experiment, Modeling and Simulation
,”
J. Manuf. Sci. Eng.
1087-1357,
126
, pp.
10
17
.
11.
Zhang
,
W.
,
Yao
,
Y. L.
, and
Noyan
,
I. C.
, 2004, “
Microscale Laser Shock Peening of Thin Films, Part 2: High Spatial Resolution Material Characterization
,”
J. Manuf. Sci. Eng.
1087-1357,
126
, pp.
18
24
.
12.
Fox
,
J. A.
, 1974, “
Effect of Water and Paint Coatings on Laser-Irradiated Targets
,”
Appl. Phys. Lett.
0003-6951,
24
(
10
), pp.
461
464
.
13.
Noyan
,
I. C.
,
Jordan-Sweet
,
J. L.
,
Liniger
,
E. G.
, and
Kaldor
,
S. K.
, 1998, “
Characterization of Substrate/Thin-Film Interfaces With X-Ray Microdiffraction
,”
Appl. Phys. Lett.
0003-6951,
72
(
25
), pp.
3338
3340
.
14.
Zhang
,
W.
, and
Yao
,
Y. L.
, 2000, “
Micro Scale Laser Shock Processing of Metallic Components
,”
J. Manuf. Sci. Eng.
1087-1357,
124
(
2
), pp.
369
378
.
15.
Cullity
,
B. D.
, 1978,
Elements of X-Ray Diffraction
, 2nd ed.,
Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Inc.
, London, pp.
268
270
.
16.
Ungar
,
T.
, and
Borbely
,
A.
, 1996, “
The Effect of Dislocation Contrast on X-Ray Line Broadening: A New Approach to Line Profile Analysis
,”
Appl. Phys. Lett.
0003-6951,
69
, pp.
3173
3175
.
17.
Warren
,
B. E.
, and
Averbach
,
B. L.
, 1950, “
The Effect of Cold-Work Distortion on X-Ray Patterns
,”
J. Appl. Phys.
0021-8979,
21
, pp.
595
599
.
18.
Adam
,
J. S.
,
Kumar
,
M.
, and
Adams
,
B. L.
, 2000,
Electron Backscatter Diffraction in Materials Science
,
Kluwer Academic
, New York.
19.
Noyan
,
I. C.
, and
Cohen
,
J. B.
, 1987,
Residual Stress-Measurement by Diffraction and Interpretation
,
Springer
, New York pp.
168
175
.
20.
Murr
,
L. E.
, 1981, “
Residual Microstructure—Mechanical Property Relations in Shock-Loaded Metals and Alloys
,”
Shock Waves and High Strain Phenomena in Metals-Concepts and Applications
,
Plenum
, New York pp.
635
655
.
21.
Hertzberg
,
R. W.
, 1995,
Deformation and Fracture Mechanics of Engineering Materials
,
Wiley
, New York.
22.
Lee
,
D. N.
, 2000, “
Strain Energy Release Maximization Model for Evolution of Recrystallization Textures
,”
Int. J. Mech. Sci.
0020-7403,
42
, pp.
1645
1678
.
23.
Novikov
,
V.
, 1997,
Grain Growth and Control of Microstructure and Texture in Polycrystalline Materials
,
CRC
, New York, pp.
11
.
24.
Meyers
,
M. A.
, and
Murr
,
L. E.
, 1981,
Shock Waves and High-Strain-Rate Phenomena in Metals
,
Plenum
, New York, pp.
487
530
.
25.
Yoshino
,
M.
,
Aoki
,
T.
,
Chandrasekaran
,
N.
,
Shirakashi
,
T.
, and
Komanduri
,
R.
, 2001, “
Finite Element Simulation of Plane Strain Plastic-Elastic Indentation on Single-Crystal Silicon
,”
Int. J. Mech. Sci.
0020-7403,
43
(
2
), pp.
313
333
.
26.
Hill
,
M. J.
, and
Rowcliffe
,
D. J.
, 1974, “
Deformation of Silicon at Low Temperatures
,”
J. Mater. Sci.
0022-2461,
9
, pp.
1569
1576
.
27.
Asaro
,
R. J.
, 1983, “
Micromechanics of Crystals and Polycrystals
,”
Adv. Appl. Mech.
0065-2156,
23
, pp.
1
115
.
28.
Huang
,
Y.
, 1991, “
A User-Material Subroutine Incorporating Single Crystal Plasticity In the ABAQUS Finite Element Program
,” Mech Report No. 178, Division of Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA.
29.
Kysar
,
J. W.
, 1997, Addendum to “
A User- Material Subroutine Incorporating Single Crystal Plasticity In the ABAQUS Finite Element Program
,” Mech Report No. 178, Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA.
30.
Hibbit, Karlsson and Sorensen, Inc.
, 2002,
ABAQUS/Standard User’s Manual
, Version 6.2,
Pawtucket
, RI.
31.
Kysar
,
J. W.
, and
Briant
,
C. L.
, 2002, “
Crack Tip Deformation Fields In Ductile Single Crystals
,”
Acta Mater.
1359-6454,
50
, pp.
2367
2380
.
You do not currently have access to this content.