A three-dimensional weld pool model has been developed to study the fluid flow and heat transfer process during gas metal arc (GMA) welding. Both droplet heat content and impact force were considered in analyzing the effect of droplets on the formation of weld pool. The fluid flow in the weld pool was induced by the presence of surface tension, electromagnetic and buoyancy force. The surface deformation of weld pool was calculated by considering arc pressure and droplet impact force. Computational results under partial and full penetration welding conditions were obtained. The effect of heat flow and fluid flow characteristics on weld pool geometry was discussed, particularly with respect to the presence of droplet heat input and impact force.
Issue Section:
Technical Papers
1.
Atthey
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G. M.
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Chan
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Mazumder
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Chan
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A Two-Dimensional Transient Model for Convection in Laser Melted Pools
,”Metallurgical Transactions
, Vol. 15A
, 1984
, pp. 2175
–2184
.4.
Kou
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Computer Simulation of Convection in Moving Arc Weld Pools
,” Metallurgical Transactions
, 1986
, Vol. 17A
, pp. 2271
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.5.
Tsao
K. C.
Wu
C. S.
Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer in GMA Weld Pools
,” Welding Journal
, 1988
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), pp. 70s–75s
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.6.
Kim
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Na
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, 1989
, pp. 233
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.7.
Rokhlin
S. I.
Guu
A. C.
A Study of Arc Force, Pool Depression, and Weld Pool Penetration During Gas Tungsten Arc Welding
,” Welding Journal
, Vol. 72
(8
), 1993
, pp. 381s–390s
381s–390s
.8.
Lin
M. L.
Eagar
T. W.
Influence of Surface Depression and Convection on Arc Weld Pool Geometry
,” Transport Phenomena in Materials Processing
, ASME-PED 10
, 1983
, pp. 63
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.9.
Lin
M. L.
Eagar
T. W.
Influence of Arc Pressure on Weld Pool Geometry
,” Welding Journal
, Vol. 64
(6
), 1985
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163s–169s
.10.
Zacharia
T.
Three-Dimensional Transient Model Arc Welding Process
,” Metallurgical Transactions
, Vol. 20B
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, pp. 645
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.11.
Thompson
M. E.
Szekely
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The Transient Behavior of Weld Pools with a Deformed Free Surface
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, Vol. 32
(6
), 1989
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.12.
Choo
R. T. C.
Szekely
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Modeling of High-Current Arc with Emphases on Free Surface Phenomena in the Weld Pool
,” Welding Journal
, Vol. 69
(9
), 1990
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223s–233s
.13.
Tsai
M. C.
Kou
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Marangoni Convection in Weld Pools with a Free Surface
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, Vol. 9
, 1989
, pp. 1503
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.14.
Kim
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Na
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Effect of Weld Pool Deformation on Weld Penetration in Stationary Gas Tungsten Arc Welding
,” Welding Journal
, Vol. 71
(5
), 1992
, pp. 179s–193s
179s–193s
.15.
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E.
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,” Welding Journal
, Vol. 57
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), 1978
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161s–166s
.16.
Ohji, T., and Nishiguchi, K., “Mathematical Modeling of Molten Pool in Arc Welding of Thin Plate,” IIW DOC. 211-555-83, 1983.
17.
Zhang
Y. M.
Cao
Z. N.
Kovacevic
R.
Numerical Analysis of Fully Penetrated Weld Pools in GTA Welding
,” Proc. Instn. Mech. Engrs., Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science
, Vol. 210
, 1995
, pp. 187
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.18.
Kovacevic
R.
Cao
Z. N.
Zhang
Y. M.
Role of Welding Parameters in Determining the Geometrical Appearance of Weld Pool
,” ASME JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING MATERIALS AND TECHNOLOGY
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(10
), 1996
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.19.
Cao
Z. N.
Zhang
Y. M.
Kovacevic
R.
Numerical Dynamics Analysis of Moving GTA Weld Pool
,” ASME Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering
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(2
), 1998
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.20.
Kim
J.-W.
Na
S.-J.
A Study on the Three-Dimensional Analysis of Heat and Fluid and Flow in Gas Metal Arc Welding Using Boundary-Fitted Coordinates
,” ASME Journal of Engineering for Industry
, Vol. 116
(2
), 1994
, pp. 78
–85
.21.
Kim
J.-W.
Na
S.-J.
A Study on the Effect of Contact Tube-to-Workpiece Distance on Weld Pool Shape in Gas Metal Arc Welding
,” Welding Journal
, Vol. 74
(5
), 1995
, pp. 141s–152s
141s–152s
.22.
Kumar
Subodh
Bhaduri
S. C.
Three-Dimensional Finite Element Modeling of Gas Metal-Arc Welding
,” Metallurgical Transactions
, Vol. 25B
, 1994
, pp. 435
–440
.23.
Liu
S.
Siewert
T. A.
Metal Transfer in Gas Metal Arc Welding: Droplet Rate
,” Welding Journal
, Vol. 68
(2
), 1989
, pp. 52s–58s
52s–58s
.24.
Essers
W. G.
Walter
R.
Heat Transfer and Penetration Mechanisms with GMA and Plasma-GMA Welding
,” Welding Journal
, Vol. 60
(2
), 1981
, pp. 37s–42s
37s–42s
.25.
Tsai
N. S.
Eagar
T. W.
Distribution of the Heat and Current Fluxes in Gas Tungsten Arcs
,” Metallurgical Transactions
, Vol. 16B
, 1985
, pp. 841
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.26.
Choi
M.
Greif
R.
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, Vol. 11
, 1987
, pp. 477
–489
.27.
Pantankar, S. V., Numerical Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow, McGraw-Hill, 1980, New York.
28.
Woods
R. A.
Milner
D. R.
Motion in the Weld Pool in Arc Welding
,” Welding Journal
, Vol. 50
(4
), 1971
, pp. 163s–173s
163s–173s
.29.
Kou
S.
Sun
D. K.
Fluid Flow and Weld Penetration in Stationary Arc Welds
,” Metallurgical Transactions
, Vol. 16A
, 1985
, pp. 203
–213
.
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