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Keywords: endoscopes
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Journal Articles
Publisher: ASME
Article Type: Technical Papers
J. Mech. Des. January 2004, 126(1): 2–5.
Published Online: March 11, 2004
...Paul Breedveld; Shigeo Hirose Visual feedback during laparoscopic surgery is provided by an endoscope with a camera that is inserted through a small incision in the abdominal wall. The incision restricts the endoscope movements to 4 degrees of freedom (DOF), making it impossible to observe organs...