... inspection remaining life As a cheap and efficient way of energy transportation, pipelines are widely used all around the world, and the proportion of developed countries make up about 60–70% of the total energy transportation capacity. China started late in using pipelines for energy transportation...

... and extended service, a failure modification factor based on remaining life has been proposed. Finally, two risk assessment projects have been carried out; after delineating the risk levels of the tubes, appropriate management suggestions have been proposed. The obtained data should provide some technical...