..., as one substitute working fluid, supercritical carbon dioxide has been proposed in energy conversion (including solar thermal) systems [ 6–8 , 18–22 ]. As one “old” working fluid, CO 2 is nontoxic and with negligible ozone layer depletion (ODP) and global warming potential, it has also been used in air...

... 0.7% of the U.S. land area, a roughly two orders of magnitude improvement over mature biofuel approaches. In addition, the packed bed reactor design is flexible and can be adapted to new, better performing reactive materials. solar fuels thermochemical hydrogen carbon dioxide synthesis gas...

...H. Yamaguchi; N. Sawada; H. Suzuki; H. Ueda; X. R. Zhang In this paper, a solar water heater using supercritical carbon dioxide as working fluid is proposed and experimentally studied. For supercritical carbon dioxide, a small change in temperature or pressure can result in large change in density...