Abstract

Central continuous heating is widely used in China. Due to the large heating area, the indoor temperatures of the buildings with the same heat source are quite different, which affects comfort and wastes energy. This paper proposes a subsection intermittent heating method, that is, an intermittent heating method is used for overheated buildings. During the period, when the overheated buildings stop heating, the hot water originally supplied to the overheated buildings is supplied to the underheated buildings. We investigated the indoor temperatures of some actual buildings in Daqing city. Accordingly, a comfortable indoor temperature range was determined. The indoor temperature and heating energy consumption of overheated and underheated buildings with zoned intermittent heating were simulated using EnergyPlus. The results show that the interval time has important effects on the indoor temperature and energy consumption of overheated buildings. The most ideal partitioned intermittent heating regulation method is to stop heating (at 5 o’clock) for 3 h and then resume heating for 5 h. When the area ratios of overheated buildings and underheated buildings are 1:1, 2:1, and 3:1, the average indoor temperatures of underheated buildings can be increased from 16 °C to 17.65 °C, 19.05 °C, and 21.02 °C, respectively. The hot water temperature and insulation thickness have significant effects on the indoor temperature of underheated buildings.

References

1.
He
,
Q.
,
Ng
,
S. T.
,
Hossain
,
M.
, and
Skitmore
,
M.
,
2019
, “
Energy-Efficient Window Retrofit for High-Rise Residential Buildings in Different Climatic Zones of China
,”
Sustainability
,
11
(
22
), p.
6473
.
2.
Xu
,
B.
,
Xie
,
X.
,
Pei
,
G.
, and
Chen
,
X. N.
,
2020
, “
New View Point on the Effect of Thermal Conductivity on Phase Change Materials Based on Novel Concepts of Relative Depth of Activation and Time Rate of Activation: The Case Study on a Top Floor Room
,”
Appl. Energy
,
226
(
C
), p.
114886
.
3.
Wi
,
S.
,
Chang
,
S. J.
, and
Kim
,
S.
,
2020
, “
Improvement of Thermal Inertia Effect in Buildings Using Shape Stabilized PCM Wallboard Based on the Enthalpy-Temperature Function
,”
Sustainable Cities Soc.
,
56
(
C
), p.
102067
.
4.
Ruparathna
,
R.
,
Hewage
,
K.
, and
Sadiq
,
R.
,
2016
, “
Improving the Energy Efficiency of the Existing Building Stock: A Critical Review of Commercial and Institutional Buildings
,”
Renewable Sustainable Energ Rev.
,
53
(
C
), pp.
1032
1045
.
5.
Liu
,
G. X.
,
Kong
,
Z. Y.
,
Dong
,
J. J.
,
Dong
,
X. C.
,
Jiang
,
Q. Z.
,
Wang
,
K.
,
Li
,
J. M.
,
Li
,
C. D.
, and
Wan
,
X.
,
2021
, “
Influencing Factors, Energy Consumption, and Carbon Emission of Central Heating in China: A Supply Chain Perspective
,”
Front. Energy Res.
,
9
, p.
648857
.
6.
Shireen
,
A. Q.
,
Behzad
,
S.
, and
Amira
,
E.
,
2018
, “
Estimating the Heating Energy Consumption of the Residential Buildings in Hebron, Palestine
,”
J. Cleaner Prod.
,
196
(
C
), pp.
1292
1305
.
7.
Seongkwan
,
H.
,
Anseop
,
C.
, and
Minki
,
S.
,
2018
, “
Impact of Bi-Directional PV Blind Control Method on Lighting, Heating and Cooling Energy Consumption in Mock-up Rooms
,”
Energy Build.
,
176
(
1
), pp.
1
16
.
8.
China Statistical Yearbook, National Bureau of Statistics
, http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/ndsj/
9.
Tang
,
W.
,
Wu
,
P.
, and
Zhang
,
Y.
,
2020
, “
Analysis of Factors Influencing Clean Heating and Research on Sustainable Development Path
,”
Proceedings of the 2020 International Conference on Education E-Learning and Social Science (EELSS 2020)
,
Beijing, China
,
June 21–22
, pp.
278
283
.
10.
Huo
,
T. F.
,
Ren
,
H.
,
Zhang
,
X. L.
,
Cai
,
W. G.
,
Feng
,
W.
,
Zhou
,
N.
, and
Wang
,
X.
,
2018
, “
China’s Energy Consumption in the Building Sector: A Statistical Yearbook-Energy Balance Sheet Based Splitting Method
,”
J. Cleaner Prod.
,
185
, pp.
665
679
.
11.
Zhong
,
W.
,
Chen
,
J. Y.
,
Zhou
,
Y.
,
Li
,
Z. B.
,
Yu
,
Z. T.
, and
Lin
,
X. J.
,
2020
, “
Investigation of Optimized Network Splitting of Large-Scale Urban Centralized Heating System Operation
,”
Energy Rep.
,
6
(
C
), pp.
467
477
.
12.
Guo
,
J.
,
Huang
,
Y.
, and
Wei
,
C.
,
2015
, “
North–South Debate on District Heating: Evidence From a Household Survey
,”
Energy Policy
,
86
(
C
), pp.
295
302
.
13.
Lin
,
B. R.
,
Wang
,
Z.
,
Liu
,
Y. C.
,
Zhu
,
Y. X.
, and
Ouyang
,
Q.
,
2016
, “
Investigation of Winter Indoor Thermal Environment and Heating Demand of Urban Residential Buildings in China’s Hot Summer—Cold Winter Climate Region
,”
Build. Environ.
,
101
(
C
), pp.
9
18
.
14.
Ferdyn-Grygierek
,
J.
,
2014
, “
Indoor Environment Quality in the Museum Building and Its Effect on Heating and Cooling Demand
,”
Energy Build.
,
85
, pp.
32
44
.
15.
Liu
,
W. X.
,
Jia
,
S. H.
,
Sun
,
Y.
, and
Liu
,
X. L.
,
2012
, “
Algorithm Modelling Research on Heating Energy-Saving Adjustment
,”
Adv. Mater. Res.
,
512–515
, pp.
1263
1266
. www.scientific.net/AMR.512-515.1263
16.
Gustafsson
,
J.
,
Delsing
,
J.
, and
van Deventer
,
J.
,
2009
, “
Improved District Heating Substation Efficiency With a New Control Strategy
,”
Appl. Energy
,
87
(
6
), pp.
1996
2004
.
17.
Xu
,
B. P.
,
Zhou
,
S. X.
, and
Wu
,
W. J.
,
2017
, “
An Intermittent Heating Strategy by Predicting Warm-Up Time for Office Buildings in Beijing
,”
Energy Build.
,
35
(
1
), pp.
35
42
.
18.
Kim
,
M. S.
,
Kim
,
Y.
, and
Chung
,
K.
,
2009
, “
Improvement of Intermittent Central Heating System of University Building
,”
Energy Build.
,
42
(
1
), pp.
83
89
.
19.
Wang
,
Y. Y.
,
Liu
,
Y. F.
, and
Wang
,
D. J.
,
2012
, “
Numerical Simulation Analysis on Residential Building Indoor Thermal Environment of Intermittent Heating in Lhasa Based on DeST
,”
Adv. Mater. Res.
,
1655
, pp.
215
220
. www.scientific.net/AMR.462.215
20.
Ma
,
C.
,
Liu
,
Y.
, and
Song
,
C.
,
2014
, “
The Intermittent Operation Control Strategy of Low-Temperature Hot-Water Floor Radiant Heating System
,”
Proceedings of the Eighth International Symposium on Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning
,
Xi'an, China
,
Oct. 19–21
, pp.
259
268
.
21.
Cardinale
,
N.
, and
Stefanizzi
,
P.
,
1996
, “
Heating-Energy Consumption in Different Plant Operating Conditions
,”
Energy Build.
,
24
(
3
), pp.
231
235
.
22.
Badran
,
A. A.
,
Jaradat
,
A. W.
, and
Bahbouh
,
M. N.
,
2013
, “
Comparative Study of Continuous Versus Intermittent Heating for Local Residential Building: Case Studies in Jordan
,”
Energy Convers. Manage.
,
65
(
1
), pp.
709
714
.
23.
Parys
,
W.
,
Saelens
,
D.
, and
Hens
,
H.
,
2009
, “
Optimization of Energy Use for Heating/Cooling and Lighting for a Typical Office Room in a Moderate Climate
,”
Proceedings of the Sixth International Symposium on Heating, Ventilating and Air Conditioning (Environmental Science and Engineering)
,
Nanjing, China
,
Nov. 6–9
, pp.
168
175
.
24.
Wang
,
D. J.
,
Liu
,
Y. F.
,
Wang
,
Y. Y.
, and
Liu
,
J. P.
,
2014
, “
Numerical and Experimental Analysis of Floor Heat Storage and Release During an Intermittent In-Slab Floor Heating Process
,”
Appl. Therm. Eng.
,
62
(
2
), pp.
398
406
.
25.
Design Standard for Energy Efficiency of Residential Buildings in Severe Cold and Cold Zones
,
2018
,
JGJ 26-2018
.
26.
Indoor Air Quality Standards
,
2002
,
GB/T 18883-2002
.
You do not currently have access to this content.