The unsteady flow physics due to interactions between a separated shear layer and film cooling jet apart from excitation of periodic passing wake are studied using large eddy simulation (LES). An aerofoil of constant thickness with rounded leading edge induced flow separation, while film cooling jets were injected normal to the crossflow a short distance downstream of the blend point. Wake data extracted from precursor LES of flow past a cylinder are used to replicate a moving bar that generates wakes in front of a cascade (in this case, an infinite row of the model aerofoils). This setup is a simplified representation of rotor-stator interaction in a film cooled gas turbine. The results of numerical simulation are presented to elucidate the formation, convection and breakdown of flow structures associated with the highly anisotropic flow involved in film cooling perturbed by convective wakes. The various vortical structures namely, horseshoe vortex, roller vortex, upright wake vortex, counter rotating vortex pair (CRVP), and downward spiral separation node (DSSN) vortex associated with film cooling are resolved. The effects of wake on the evolution of these structures are then discussed.
Issue Section:
Research Papers
References
1.
Goldstein
, R. J.
, 1971
, “Film Cooling
,” Adv. Heat Transfer
, 7
(1
), pp. 321
–379
.10.1016/S0065-2717(08)70020-02.
Bogard
, D. G.
, and Thole
, K. A.
, 2006
, “Gas Turbine Film Cooling
,” J. Propul. Power
, 22
(2
), pp. 249
–270
.10.2514/1.180343.
Teng
, S. D.
, Sohn
, K.
, and Han
, J. C.
, 2000
, “Unsteady Wake Effect on Film Temperature and Effectiveness Distributions for a Gas Turbine Blade
,” ASME J. Turbomach.
, 122
(2
), pp. 340
–347
.10.1115/1.5554574.
Heidmann
, J. D.
, Reshotko
, E.
, and Lucci
, B. L.
, 2001
, “An Experimental Study of the Effect of Wake Passing on Turbine Blade Film Cooling
,” ASME J. Turbomach.
, 123
(2
), pp. 214
–221
.10.1115/1.13546215.
Mayle
, R. E.
, 1991
, “The Role of Laminar-Turbulent Transition in Gas Turbine Engines
,” ASME J. Turbomach.
, 113
(4
), pp. 509
–537
.10.1115/1.29291106.
Walker
, G. J.
, 1993
. “The Role of Laminar-Turbulent Transition in Gas Turbine Engines: A Discussion
,” ASME J. Turbomach.
, 115
(2
), pp. 207
–217
.10.1115/1.29292237.
Halstead
, D.
, Wisler
, D.
, Okiishi
, T.
, Walker
, G.
, Hodson
, H.
, and Shin
, H.-W.
, 1997
, “Boundary Layer Development in Axial Compressors and Turbines: Part 1 of 4—Composite Picture
,” ASME J. Turbomach.
, 119
(1
), pp. 114
–127
.10.1115/1.28410008.
Wu
, X.
, Jacobs
, R. G.
, Hunt
, J. C.
, and Durbin
, P. A.
, 1999
. “Simulation of Boundary Layer Transition Induced by Periodically Passing Wakes
,” J. Fluid Mech.
, 398
(1
), pp. 109
–153
.10.1017/S00221120990062059.
Sarkar
, S.
, and Voke
, P. R.
, 2006
, “Large-Eddy Simulation of Unsteady Surface Pressure Over a Low-Pressure Turbine Blade Due to Interactions of Passing Wakes and Inflexional Boundary Layer
,” ASME J. Turbomach.
, 128
(2
), pp. 221
–231
.10.1115/1.213774110.
Sarkar
, S.
, 2007
, “Effects of Passing Wakes on a Separating Boundary Layer Along a Low-Pressure Turbine Blade Through Large-Eddy Simulation
,” Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng., Part A
, 221
(4
), pp. 551
–564
.10.1243/09576509JPE40011.
Sarkar
, S.
, 2008
, “Identification of Flow Structures on a LP Turbine Blade Due to Periodic Passing Wakes
,” ASME J. Fluids Eng.
, 130
(6
), p. 061103
.10.1115/1.291168212.
Stieger
, R.
, and Hodson
, H.
, 2005
, “The Transition Mechanism of Highly Loaded LP Turbine Blades
,” Rolls Royce PLC-Report-PNR No. 93000.13.
Wissink
, J. G.
, 2003
, “DNS of Separating, Low Reynolds Number Flow in a Turbine Cascade With Incoming Wakes
,” Int. J. Heat Fluid Flow
, 24
(4
), pp. 626
–635
.10.1016/S0142-727X(03)00056-014.
Wissink
, J. G.
, Rodi
, W.
, and Hodson
, H. P.
, 2006
, “The Influence of Disturbances Carried by Periodically Incoming Wakes on the Separating Flow Around a Turbine Blade
,” Int. J. Heat Fluid Flow
, 27
(4
), pp. 721
–729
.10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2006.02.01615.
Kelso
, R. M.
, Lim
, T. T.
, and Perry
, A. E.
, 1996
, “An Experimental Study of Round Jets in Cross-Flow
,” J. Fluid Mech.
, 306
, pp. 111
–144
.10.1017/S002211209600125516.
Smith
, S. H.
, and Mungal
, M. G.
, 1998
, “Mixing, Structure and Scaling of the Jet in Crossflow
,” J. Fluid Mech.
, 357
, pp. 83
–122
.10.1017/S002211209700789117.
Fric
, T. F.
, and Roshko
, A.
, 1994
, “Vortical Structure in the Wake of a Transverse Jet
,” J. Fluid Mech.
, 279
, pp. 1
–47
.10.1017/S002211209400380018.
Krothapalli
, A.
, Lourenco
, L.
, and Buchlin
, J. M.
, 1990
, “Separated Flow Upstream of a Jet in a Crossflow
,” AIAA J.
, 28
(3
), pp. 414
–420
.10.2514/3.1040819.
Arts
, T.
, and Lapidus
, I.
, 1993
, “Thermal Effects of a Coolant Film Along the Suction Side of a High Pressure Turbine Nozzle Guide Vane
,” Propulsion and Energetics Panel 80th Symposium, Antalya, Turkey, Oct. 12–16, Heat Transfer and Cooling in Gas Turbines (AGARD-CP-527), pp. 3-1–3-8.20.
Camci
, C.
, and Arts
, T.
, 1985
, “Short-Duration Measurements and Numerical Simulation of Heat Transfer Along the Suction Side of a Film-Cooled Gas Turbine Blade
,” ASME J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power
, 107
(4
), pp. 991
–997
.10.1115/1.323984621.
Takeishi
, K.
, Tsukagoshi
, K.
, Aoki
, S.
, and Sato
, T.
, 1992
, “Film Cooling on a Gas Turbine Rotor Blade
,” ASME J. Turbomach.
, 114
(4
), pp. 828
–834
.10.1115/1.292803622.
Han
, J.-C.
, 2006
, “Turbine Blade Cooling Studies at Texas A&M University: 1980–2004
,” J. Thermophys. Heat Transfer
, 20
(2
), pp. 161
–187
.10.2514/1.1540323.
Abhari
, R. S.
, and Epstein
, A. H.
, 1994
, “An Experimental Study of Film Cooling in a Rotating Transonic Turbine
,” ASME J. Turbomach.
, 116
(1
), pp. 63
–70
.10.1115/1.292827924.
Ou
, S.
, Lee
, C. P.
, Han
, J. C.
, and Mehendale
, A. B.
, 1994
, “Unsteady Wake Over a Linear Turbine Blade Cascade With Air and CO2 Film Injection: Part I—Effect on Heat Transfer Coefficients
,” ASME J. Turbomach.
, 116
(4
), pp. 721
–729
.10.1115/1.292946525.
Funazaki
, K.
, Yamawaki
, S.
, and Yokota
, M.
, 1997
, “Effect of Periodic Wake Passing on Film Effectiveness of Discrete Cooling Holes Around the Leading Edge of a Blunt Body
,” ASME J. Turbomach.
, 119
(2
), pp. 292
–301
.10.1115/1.284111226.
Funazaki
, K.
, Koyabu
, E.
, and Yamawaki
, S.
, 1998
, “Effect of Periodic Wake Passing on Film Effectiveness of Inclined Discrete Cooling Holes Around the Leading Edge of a Blunt Body
,” ASME J. Turbomach.
, 120
(1
), pp. 70
–78
.10.1115/1.284139127.
Du
, H.
, Han
, J. C.
, and Ekkad
, S. V.
, 1998
, “Effect of Unsteady Wake on Detailed Heat Transfer Coefficient and Film Effectiveness Distributions for a Gas Turbine Blade
,” ASME J. Turbomach.
, 120
(4
), pp. 808
–817
.10.1115/1.284179328.
Womack
, K. M.
, Volino
, R. J.
, and Schultz
, M. P.
, 2008
, “Measurements in Film Cooling Flows With Periodic Wakes
,” ASME J. Turbomach.
, 130
(4
), p. 041008.10.1115/1.281233429.
Germano
, M.
, Piomelli
, U.
, Moin
, P.
, and Cabot
, W. H.
, 1991
, “A Dynamic Subgrid-Scale Eddy Viscosity Model
,” Phys. Fluids A: Fluid Dyn.
, 3
(7), pp. 1760
–1765
.10.1063/1.85795530.
Lilly
, D.
, 1992
, “A Proposed Modification of the Germano Subgrid-Scale Closure Method
,” Phys. Fluids A
, 4
(3), pp. 633
–635
.10.1063/1.85828031.
Mittal
, R.
, and Moin
, P.
, 1997
, “Suitability of Upwind Biased Finite Difference Schemes for Large-Eddy Simulation of Turbulent Flows
,” AIAA J.
, 35
(8
), pp. 1415
–1417
.10.2514/2.25332.
Morinishi
, Y.
, Lund
, T.
, Vasilyev
, O.
, and Moin
, P.
, 1998
, “Fully Conservative Higher Order Finite Difference Schemes for Incompressible Flow
,” J. Comput. Phys.
, 143
(1
), pp. 90
–124
.10.1006/jcph.1998.596233.
Chorin
, A. J.
, 1968
, “Numerical Solution of the Navier–Stokes Equations
,” Math. Comput.
, 22
(104
), pp. 745
–762
.10.1090/S0025-5718-1968-0242392-234.
Fadlun
, E.
, Verzicco
, R.
, Orlandi
, P.
, and Mohd-Yusof
, J.
, 2000
, “Combined Immersed-Boundary Finite-Difference Methods for Three-Dimensional Complex Flow Simulations
,” J. Comput. Phys.
, 161
(1
), pp. 35
–60
.10.1006/jcph.2000.648435.
Kim
, J.
, and Choi
, H.
, 2004
, “An Immersed-Boundary Finite-Volume Method for Simulation of Heat Transfer in Complex Geometries
,” KSME Int. J.
, 18
(6
), pp. 1026
–1035
.10.1007/BF0299087536.
Sarkar
, S.
, and Sarkar
, S.
, 2009
. “Large-Eddy Simulation of Wake and Boundary Layer Interactions Behind a Circular Cylinder
,” ASME J. Fluids Eng.
, 131
(9
), p. 091201
.10.1115/1.317698237.
Orlanski
, I.
, 1976
, “A Simple Boundary Condition for Unbounded Hyperbolic Flows
,” J. Comput. Phys.
, 21
(3
), pp. 251
–269
.10.1016/0021-9991(76)90023-138.
Arts
, T.
, Lambert de Rouvroit
, M.
, and Rutherford
, A. W.
, 1990
, “Aero-Thermal Investigation of a Highly Loaded Transonic Linear Turbine Guide Vane Cascade
,” von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics, Sint-Genesius-Rode, Belgium, Technical Report No. 174.39.
Holland
, R.
, and Evans
, R.
, 1996
, “The Effects of Periodic Wake Structures on Turbulent Boundary Layers
,” J. Fluids Struct.
, 10
(3
), pp. 269
–280
.10.1006/jfls.1996.001640.
Ovchinnikov
, V.
, Piomelli
, U.
, and Choudhari
, M. M.
, 2006
, “Numerical Simulations of Boundary-Layer Transition Induced by a Cylinder Wake
,” J. Fluid Mech.
, 547
, pp. 413
–441
.10.1017/S002211200500734241.
Yang
, Z. Y.
, and Voke
, P. R.
, 2001
, “Large-Eddy Simulation of Boundary Layer Separation and Transition at a Change of Surface Curvature
,” J. Fluid Mech.
, 439
, pp. 305
–333
.10.1017/S002211200100463342.
Yuen
, C.
, and Martinez-Botas
, R.
, 2003
, “Film Cooling Characteristics of a Single Round Hole at Various Streamwise Angles in a Crossflow: Part I Effectiveness
,” Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer
, 46
(2
), pp. 221
–235
.10.1016/S0017-9310(02)00274-043.
Harish
, B.
, and Sarkar
, S.
, 2012
, “Study of Inlet Perturbations on Excitation of a Laminar Separation Bubble Through LES
,” 9th International Conference on Heat Transfer, Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics (HEFAT2012), Malta, July 16–18, pp. 604-612.44.
Tafti
, D. K.
, and Vanka
, S. P.
, 1991
, “A Three-Dimensional Numerical Study of Flow Separation and Reattachment on a Blunt Plate
,” Phys. Fluids A
, 3
(12
), pp. 2887
–2909
.10.1063/1.85820845.
Andreopoulos
, J.
, and Rodi
, W.
, 1984
, “Experimental Investigation of Jets in a Crossflow
,” J. Fluid Mech.
, 138
(1
), pp. 93
–127
.10.1017/S002211208400005746.
Andreopoulos
, J.
, 1985
, “On the Structure of Jets in a Crossflow
,” J. Fluid Mech.
, 157
(1
), pp. 163
–197
.10.1017/S002211208500234847.
Yuan
, L. L.
, Street
, R. L.
, and Ferziger
, J. H.
, 1999
, “Large Eddy Simulations of a Round Jet in Crossflow
,” J. Fluid Mech.
, 379
(1
), pp. 71
–104
.10.1017/S002211209800334648.
Peterson
, S. D.
, and Plesniak
, M. W.
, 2004
. “Evolution of Jets Emanating From Short Holes Into Crossflow
,” J. Fluid Mech.
, 503
, pp. 57
–91
.10.1017/S002211200300740749.
Tyagi
, M.
, and Acharya
, S.
, 2003
, “Large Eddy Simulation of Film Cooling Flow From an Inclined Cylindrical Jet
,” ASME J. Turbomach.
, 125
(4
), pp. 734
–742
.10.1115/1.162539750.
Hale
, C.
, Plesniak
, M.
, and Ramadhyani
, S.
, 2000
, “Film Cooling Effectiveness for Short Film Cooling Holes Fed by a Narrow Plenum
,” ASME J. Turbomach.
, 122
(3
), pp. 553
–557
.10.1115/1.130370551.
Meyer
, R.
, 1958
, “The Effect of Wakes on the Transient Pressure and Velocity Distributions in Turbomachines
,” ASME J. Basic Eng.
, 80
(7
), pp. 1544
–1552
.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
You do not currently have access to this content.
